BEHAVIOR CHANGE TACTIC
Framing Effects
A framing effect refers to changes in people's choices within a given set of options based on how the options are presented. This are typically associated with behavioral economics, as it violates utility theory's premise that people will choose according to a rational assessment of the outcome.The most common example of this is posing a question as a loss or a gain. In several instances, people have been found to choose differently based on whether a proposition is losing lives vs saving them, an X% of infection vs. a Y% chance of immunity, etc despite the options being mathetmatically identical between the two framings.
Studies involving Framing Effects
PAPERS
Don’t Blame the Messenger: A Field Experiment on Delivery Methods for Increasing Tax Compliance
AUTHORS
C Scartascini, D Ortega
BEHAVIOR
Taxes
TACTICS
Framing Effects, Reminders, Cues, & Triggers
PAPERS
Opioid prescribing decreases after learning of a patient’s fatal overdose
AUTHORS
Jason Doctor
BEHAVIOR
Healthcare Delivery, Prescribing Medications
TACTICS
Social Norms, Framing Effects, Feedback
PAPERS
Turning a Shove into a Nudge? A "Labeled Cash Transfer" for Education
AUTHORS
V Pouliquen, P Dupas, F Devoto, N Benhassine, Esther Duflo
BEHAVIOR
Attendance
TACTICS
Framing Effects
PAPERS
The Underutilized Potential of Teacher-Parent Communication
TACTICS
Reminders, Cues, & Triggers
PAPERS
Nudging study habits: A field experiment on peer tutoring in higher education
AUTHORS
N Wilson, T Pugatch
TACTICS
Micro-Incentives, Framing Effects
PAPERS
Small Cues Change Savings Choices
AUTHORS
Emily Haisley, Jennifer Kurkowski, Cade Massey, James Choi
BEHAVIOR
Savings
TACTICS
Goal Setting, Framing Effects
PAPERS
Increasing intention to cook from basic ingredients: A randomised controlled study.
BEHAVIOR
Diet & Nutrition
TACTICS
Education or Information
PAPERS
What's advertising content worth? Evidence from aconsumer credit marketing field experiment
AUTHORS
M Bertrand
TACTICS
Framing Effects
PAPERS
Stimulating interest: Reminding savers to act when rates decrease
AUTHORS
Redis Zaliauskas, Laura Vale, Stefan Hunt, Paul Adams
BEHAVIOR
Savings
TACTICS
Framing Effects, Reminders, Cues, & Triggers
Products leveraging Framing Effects
PRODUCTS
Acorns
Behaviors
Savings
Tactics
Framing Effects, Reduce Friction or Barriers, Automation +2 more
PRODUCTS
Qapital
Behaviors
Savings
Tactics
Environmental Restructuring, Skill Coaching
PRODUCTS
Wealthfront
Behaviors
Mental Health & Self-Care
Tactics
Coaching or Counselling, Environmental Restructuring, Reduce Friction or Barriers
Models
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
PRODUCTS
Personal Capital
Behaviors
Savings, Financial Behaviors
Tactics
Framing Effects, Reduce Friction or Barriers, Automation +2 more
PRODUCTS
Qoins
Behaviors
Financial Behaviors, Debt Reduction
Tactics
Framing Effects, Reduce Friction or Barriers, Automation +3 more
Related behavior change tactics
TACTICS
AI or Chatbot
Using a chatbot or simulated conversational interaction.
TACTICS
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
ACT is a therapeutic approach originalled developed by Steven Hayes. It borrows from previous concepts like cognitive behavioral therapy and Morita therapy. The principles of ACT are fairly systematic and lend themselves well to program design, finding empirical support in adaptations like 2morrow's smoking cessation and pain management interventions.
TACTICS
Active Choice
Active choice, sometimes referred to as enhanced active choice or forced choice, refers to removing default options and often increasing the salience of potential decisions through emphasizing the consequences of one or more of the options. Coined by Punam Anand Keller and colleagues in 2011, it was originally intended to address concerns around paternalistic nudging for use in situations where forcing the default option may be considered unethical. In one of the original studies, CVS customers were given the choice to enroll in automatic refills of medications via delivery. The choices they were presented were ""Enroll in refills at home"" vs “I Prefer to Order my Own Refills.”
TACTICS
Automation
Automation refers to having another person, group, or technology system perform part or all of the intended behavior. A prominent example is Thaler & Bernartzi's Save More Tomorrow intervention, which invested a portion of employees' earnings into retirement funds automatically and even increased the contribution level to scale with pay raises. Other examples include automatically scheduling medical appointments so the patient needn't do it themselves and mailing healthy recipe ingredients to the person's home to reduce the burden of shopping.
TACTICS
Behavior Substitution
Behavior substitution refers to attempting to eliminate a problematic behavior by replacing it with another one. Often, the substituted behaviors are intended to have similar sensory qualities (e.g. drink flavored sparkling water instead of soda). The goal is typically to disassociate the original behavior from its cue, enabling the more positive behavior to be triggered automatically.
TACTICS
Behavioral Activation (BA)
Behavioral activation is a therapeutic approach that typically pairs activity scheduling with either monitoring tools or goal-setting. For example, someone might aim to balance activities they "should" do but underperform, like self-care behaviors, with activities they enjoy. Users of this technique may also track which activities cause certain cognitions or affective states, like those associated with depression.